Mechanical manikin



15, 1939 J. H. BARRETT ,38

MECHANICAL MANIKIN Filed May 16, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet l 27 97 36 0 7 WITNE-% ATTORNEYS Aug. 15, 1939 I BARRETT 2,169,380

MECHANI CAL MANIKIN Filed May 16, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR WITNESS b ATTORNEYS a Yffi 35 J2 Patented Aug. 15, 1939 UNETE STATEfi iA'lEN'i Fries Claims.

This invention relates to mechanical manikins for displaying wearing apparel.

An object of the present invention is to provide a mechanical manikin in which three movements 5 will be simulated, that is, first the entire device may rotate upon a vertical axis while the arms, legs and head move to simulate walking; second, the manikin may remain stationary while the arms, legs and head move; and third, the manikm may revolve upon a vertical axis while the arms, legs and head remain motionless A further object is to provide a simplified mechanism for eifecting movements of the manikin as described.

With the above and other objects in view the invention consists of certain novel details of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter fully described and claimed, it being understood that various modifications may be resorted to within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification,

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a mechanical manikin constructed in accordance with the invention, with parts in front elevation.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the manikin shown in Figure l with parts in side elevation.

Figure 3 is a detail sectional view showing the adjusting mechanism for lengthening an arm and turning the hand thereof axially.

Figure 4 is a detail sectional view showing the pivotal connection for causing the head to nod.

Figure 5 is a detail longitudinal sectional View showing the ball and socket connection for permitting the head to turn slightly in either direction while nodding.

Figure 6 is a detail sectional view taken on the line 6--6 of Figure 4 showing parts of the head operating mechanism.

Figure '7 is a cross sectional view taken on the line 1-1 of Figure 5 looking in the direction of the arrow-heads.

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic view showing the movements of parts of the head operating mechanism.

Figure 9 is a cross sectional view taken on the line 99 of Figure 1.

Figure 10 is a cross sectional view taken on the line |0|!] of Figure 9 showing one of the cams.

Figure 11 is a cross sectional View taken on the line llll of Figure 1.

Figure 12 is a detail sectional view showing three positions of one of the driving gears.

Figure 13 is a fragmentary cross sectional view showing another of the driving gears.

Figure 14 is a cross sectional view taken on the line M-M of Figure 1 showing the overrunning clutch.

Referring now to the drawings in which like characters of reference designate similar parts in the various views, It] designates a base to which is fixed an upright shaft H which forms a vertical axis of rotation for the manikin. A sleeve i2 is rotatably mounted on the shaft and is supported at the bottom against a shoulder l3 formed on the shaft and at the upper end is fixed to a socket member l4 of a ball and socket joint of the head [5 of the manikin. The shoulder portion it of a torso I! for the manikin is fixed to the socket member M, as best shown in Figure 5. A nut is and a washer l9 are secured to the upper end of the stationary shaft l i and bear upon the bottom of a cup member 20 of the head joint to hold the parts assembled.

Disposed on either side of the sleeve l2 are vertically disposed rods 2| which extend through openings 22 formed in' the gear 23 which is fixed to the sleeve I2 and rotates as a unit therewith. As best shown in Figure 10, the lower ends of the rods 2| are pivotally connected as shown at 24 to respective levers 25 which are pivoted at one end to the gear 23 as shown at 26 and are equipped at the opposite end with respective cam rollers 21. These cam rollers ride up on oppositely disposed cam projections 28 best shown in Figure 11, formed on a gear 29 which is loose on the bottom of the shaft l l as best shown in Figure 1.

Since the gears 23 and 29 are rotatable oppositely to each other, as will be presently described, the. rods 2| will be lifted simultaneously when the cam rollers 21 ride on to the cam projections 28. These rods operate the arms and legs as will now be described.

The legs each comprise an upper bar 30 and a lower bar 3 l, the latter having a foot 32 pivoted thereto as shown at 33. The lower bar is pivoted to the upper bar as shown at 34 and upon one side of the upper bar at the pivot, a curved knee 35 is arranged. concentrically with the pivot and upon the other side of the upper bar a finger 36 is disposed to overlap the lower bar and is equipped with a set screw 3? which is adapted to engage the lower bar when the upper bar is swung from the vertical and carry the lower bar with it to simulate taking a step.

The upper bar of each leg is pivotally connected to the sleeve l2 through the medium of a bracket arm 38 which is fixed at one end to the sleeve through the medium of screws 39 and which is pivotally secured at the free end to the upper bar by a pivot pin 40.

The upper end of each upper bar is provided with a laterally disposed cam roller 4| which rides upon the inclined face 42 of a respective cam 43 which is adjustably mounted upon a respective one of the rods 2| through the instrumentality of set screws 44. Since the inclined faces ,of both cams are turned oppositely to each other, as best shown in Figure 2, simultaneously upward movement of both rods 2| will rock the upper bar of one leg forwardly and the upper bar of the other leg rearwardly to simulate taking a step.

The rods 2| are connected to the arms to move the arms simultaneously with the legs and for this purpose a pair of shafts 45 are arranged on opposite sides of the sleeve l2 and are journaled in the end of a bracket arm 46 which is formed integral with the socket member [4 of the head, as best shown in Figures 1, 2 and 5. The shafts are provided with respective crank arms 41 which are pivotally connected to the upper ends of the rods 30. The crank arms are turned oppositely to each other so that when the rods 30 are moved upwardly by the cams the shafts 45 will be rocked in opposite directions to move one arm forwardly and one arm backwardly as will now be explained.

Each arm comprises an upper bar 48 which is adjustably connected to the end of the respective shaft 45 by a set screw 49. The upper bar is pivoted to the upper end of a lower bar 5!) as shown at 5| and is provided with an arcuate elbow 52 which curves over the pivot to space the garment therefrom. The upper bar is also provided with a finger 53 through which a set screw 54 is passed for the purpose of engaging the lower bar and carrying the same as a unit with the upper bar when the latter is swung forwardly beyond the vertical as best shown in Figure 2.

The arms are equipped with respective hands 55 which are connected by set screws 56 to respective feed screws 51 best shown in Figure 3 which are threadedly engaged with the lower ends of the lower'bar 50 of the arm. These feed screws may be adjusted to vary the length of the arms and are locked in adjusted position by lock nuts 58. The hands may be adjusted by the set screws to extend at any desired angle-to the arms.

The head l5 of the manikin is provided with a ball 59 which is received in 'the cup member 20 of the head joint. An annular bracket 6|] is mounted in the ball 59 and a circular wire guide 6|, interfitting between the ball 59 and bracket 60 permits relative horizontal swiveling movement of the ball and. bracket but prevents vertical swiveling movement. r

The bracket is provided with a lever arm 62, best shown in Figure 6, which is pivotally connected to the upper end of a rod 63 which extends downwardlyalong the sleeve |2 between the rods 2| and passes through an opening in the gear 23. Below the gear the rod is equipped with a cam roller 64, best shown in Figure 11, which rides upon oppositely disposed cam projections 65 on the lower gear 29 at the same time the cam rollers 27 ride upon the cam projections 28 and lift the rod 63 to raise the lever 62 and cause the head to pivot or nod. When the cam roller 64 drops off of the cam projection. the head will return to normal position.

Nodding movement of the head is directed by l4 of the joint, as. best shown. in Figures 1, 5 and 7. The shafts 45 are equipped with respective cranks 69 which are arranged to rock oppositely to each other, as best shown in Figure 7. Thus one of the cranks will engage one of the levers and turn the head in one direction while one of the rods 2! is. moving its respective foot forwardly. The other crank 69 will engage its respective lever 68 and return the head to normal position when the other leg is being moved forwardly to simulate taking a step.

By referring now to Figure 9 it will be seen that a plate 10 is formed integral with the base l0 and is provided with bearings 'H in which a drive shaft 72 is journaled. The drive shaft is equipped at one end with a pulley 13 which may be belted to an electric motor and at the opposite end is equipped with a pinion. I4. A handle lever T5 is pivoted on a stationary bearing 16 carried by the plate 79 and operates between spaced c01- lars Ti on the drive shaft to shift the shaft radially with respect to the gears 23 and 29 into the three positions shown in Figure 12. In the normal position the pinion 14 is in the position shown in the left hand view in which position it meshes with gear teeth on the lower face of the gear 23 and with one set of gear teeth on the upper face of the gear teeth 29 and rotates both gears to simultaneously rotate the sleevel2 to turn the manikin on a vertical axis and at the same time advances the cam projections 28 and 65 to move the rods 3| and 63 for actuating the arms, the

projections move underneath the cam rollers on the arms 3| and 63 to operate the legs, the arms and the: head while the manikin' remains sta-' tionary.

When the drive shaft is shifted to dispose the pinion 14 as shown in the view'on the right of Figure 12, the pinion is disengaged from both of the gears 23 and 29 and. in this position of the parts an over-running clutch shown in Figure 14 looks both gears together for rotation as a unit by a separate driving shaft and pinion to permit the manikin to rotate on a vertical axis while the arms, legs and head remain motionless, as will now, be described.

As shown, in Figures 9 and 13 a drive shaft 18 is mounted in stationary bearings 19 on the plate 10. A handle lever is pivoted intermediate its ends as shown at 8| on the plate and operates between two collars 82 on the shaft to shift the shaft'toward and away from the gears 23 and 29. When the pinion 14 is disengaged from both gears the shaft 18 may be shifted to engage a pinion 83 thereon with teeth on the bottom face of the lower gear 29 as shown in Figure 13 and rotate the gear, shifting of the shaft bringing into mesh idle pinion 85 which meshes with a drive pinion 86 on the drive shaft I2.

When the pinion 83 is rotating the manikin both gears must be locked together as a unit to prevent the legs, arms and head working. For this purpose the over-riding clutch shown in Figure 14 is employed and comprises an annular member 8'! which depends from the upper gear 23 and a collar 88 which rises from the gear 29 and is engaged. in, the annular member, as best shown in Figure 1. The annular member is provided with cam grooves 39 which receive balls 99. When both of the gears 23 and 29 are rotating oppositely to each other the balls will be lodged in the deep ends of the grooves and the clutch will be running free. However, when the gear 29 is being driven by the driving pinion 83 the balls will roll to the low ends of the grooves and lock both gears together for rotation as a unit so that the manikin may revolve about a central axis without the arms, legs or head being actuated.

When the manikin remains stationary with the arms, legs and head in motion, as is the case when the pinion I4 is disengaged from the gear 23, as shown by the intermediate view in Figure 12 the upper gear 23 must be positively held stationary. For this purpose a permanent magnet brake 9!, best shown in Figure 9, is held in contact with the periphery of the gear. The magnet is mounted on a push rod 92 which is slidably mounted in the fixed bearing I6 before mentioned and in a bearing 93 secured stationary to the plate Ill. The outer end of the push rod is equipped with a yoke 94 having pins 95 at the ends of the branches. A shift lever 96 is pivotally mounted on a pivot pin 91 extending from the plate I6 and is provided with aligned fingers 98 adapted to engage the pins 95. The opposite end of the lever operates between spaced collars 99 on the drive shaft I2.

When the drive shaft I2 is shifted outwardly into position to disengage the pinion I4 from the upper gear 23, the lever 96 will be shifted to rock both of the levers 98 into engagement with the pins 95 and permit a helical spring I 99, sleeved on the push rod 92, to expand and move the permanent horseshoe magnet 9| into contact with the periphery of the gear 23 to hold the gear stationary. When the drive shaft I2 is in position to rotate both the gears 23 and 29 oppositely as shown in the view of the left of Figure 12 and when in the position to disengage from both gears as shown in the view on the right of Figure 12, one of the levers 98 will engage a respective pin 95 as the shift lever 96 is shifted, and hold the permanent magnet disengaged from the periphery of the gear 23.

In the present embodiment of the invention there is a pause in the operation of the device occurring twice during each cycle. For this purpose a plurality of cam rollers IDI, best shown in Figure 9, are. arranged at diametrically opposite points on extensions I92 of the lower gear 29, as best shown in Figure 9 and in the intermediate view of Figure 12. Three of each set of cam rollers are arranged concentric with the shaft II forming the axis of rotation of the manikin and these rollers contact one of the before-mentioned collars TI on the drive shaft I2 and disengage the pinion. 14 from both gears, as shown in the view on the right of Figure 12, at which time the shift lever 96 applies the brake 9!. After these three rollers pass beyond the collar IT a helical spring I03, sleeved on thadrive shaft exerts pressure on the other end of collar TI and again engages the pinion I4 with both gears 23 and 29 and at the same time the shift lever 96 disengages the magnet brake 9! from theupper gear 23.

From the above description it is thought that the construction and operation of the invention will be fully understood without further explanation.

What is claimed is:

l. A mechanical manikin comprising a base, a stationary shaft rising from the base, a sleeve rotatively mounted on the shaft, a manikin torso carried by the sleeves manikin head carried by the sleeve, jointed legs pivotally connected to the sleeve, shafts disposed transversely of the upper end of the sleeve, jointed arms pivotally connected to the shafts, rods extending longitudinally of the sleeve and having crank connections at the upper ends with said arms for swinging the arms, cams on the rods engaging the legs for swinging the legs, a gear fixed to the sleeve for rotating the manikin on a vertical axis, a gear lose on the shaft below the first named gear, cam means carried by the last named gear for moving said rods,to impart movement to the legs and arms, and drive means for driving both of the gears simultaneously or independently of each other.

2. A mechanical manikin comprising a base, a stationary shaft rising from the base, a sleeve rotatably mounted on the shaft, a manikin torso carried by the sleeve, a manikin head carried by the sleeve, jointed legs pivotally connected to the sleeve, shafts disposed transversely of the upper end of the sleeve, jointed arms pivotally connected to the shafts, rods extending longitudinally of the sleeve and having cranklconnections at the upper ends with said arms for swinging the arms, cams on the rods engaging the legs for swinging the legs, a gear fixed to the sleeve for rotating the manikin on a vertical axis, a gear loose on the shaft below the first named gear, cam means carried by the last named gear for moving said rods to impart movement to the legs and arms, drive shafts having respective pinions selectively engageable with said gears to drive the gears simultaneously or independently of each other, and cam means on one of the gears adapted to shift one of the shafts to declutched position to efieet a pause during each cycle, and brake means connected to one of the shafts and adapted to engage one of the gears and halt the gear during said pause.

3. A mechanical manikin comprising a base, a stationary shaft rising from the base, a sleeve rotatably mounted on the shaft, a socket member fixed to the upper end of the sleeve, a manikin torso carried by the socket member, a head for the manikin carried by the socket member, a plurality of rods extending longitudinally of the sleeve, jointed legs pivotally connected to the sleeve, cams on certain of the rods for engaging the upper ends of the legs for swinging the legs to simulate taking a step, shafts connected to the socket member and disposed transversely of the upper ends of said rods, join ed arms carried by said shafts, cranks on said shafts pivotally connected to the upper ends of said rods for swinging the arms, a gear fixed to the sleeve for rotating the manikin on a vertical axis, a gear loose on the shaft below the first named means, cam means carried by one of the gears for lifting said rods to impart movement to the arms and legs, and means for driving both of the gears simultaneously or independently.

4. A mechanical manikin comprising a base, a stationary shaft rising from the base, a sleeve rotatably mounted on the shaft, a socket member fixed to the upper end of the sleeve, a manikin torso carried by the socket member, a head for the manikin having a ball and socket connection with said socket member, a plurality of rods extending longitudinally of the sleeve, jointed legs pivotally connected to the sleeve, cams on certain of the rods for engaging the upper ends of the legs for swinging the legs, means connected with another of the rods and to the ball and socket connection of the head for nodding the head simultaneously with movement of the legs, a bracket connected to said socket member, shafts carried by the bracket extending transversely of the rods, cranks on said shafts pivotally connected to the upper ends of certain of said rods for rocking the shafts, jointed arms connected to said shafts, a second pair of cranks on said shafts, means connected with said ball and socket connection of the head and operated by the second named crank to swivel the head horizontally, a gear fixed to the sleeve for rotating the manikin on a vertical axis, a gear loose on the sleeve below the first named gear, cam

means carried by the second named gear for actuating said rods, and drive means for driving both of the gears simultaneously or independently of each other.

5. A mechanical manikin comprising a base, a stationary shaft rising from the base, a sleeve rotatably mounted on the shaft, a manikin torso carried by the sleeve, a manikin head carried by the sleeve, jointed legs pivotally connected to the sleeve, shafts disposed transversely of the upper end of the sleeve, jointed arms pivotally connected to the shafts, rods extending longitudinally of the sleeve and having crank connections at the upper ends with said arms for swinging the arms, cams on the rods engaging the legs for swinging the legs, a gear fixed to the sleeve for rotating the manikin on a vertical axis, a gear loose on the shaft below the first named gear, cam means carried by the last named gear for moving said rods to impart movement to the legs and arms, drive means for driving both of 20 JAMES H. BARRETIK 

